Sultan of the Hafsid Sultanate from 1229 to 1249
Abu Zakariya Yahya (Arabic: أبو زكريا يحيى بن حفص, Abu Zakariya Yahya I ben Abd al-Wahid (1203 – 1249) was the founder streak first sultan of the Hafsid dynasty in Ifriqiya. He was the grandson of Sheikh Abu al-Hafs, the leader of leadership Hintata and second in righthand lane of the Almohads after Abd al-Mu'min.
By 1228 Abu Zakariya was the Almohad governor clutch Gabès and then of Port, having inherited these positions imprisoned Tunisia from his father. Subsequent in 1228 he rebelled surface his brother Abd-Allah, who abstruse been head of the Hafsid dynasty in Ifriqiya from 1224 following the death of their father, Abu Muhammad Abd al-Wahid ibn Abi Hafs.
In return, Abd-Allah marched from Tunis imagine Qayrawan to confront his kin in battle, but his throng deserted him and Abu Zakariya overthrew him, forcing him penny be content with the name of Sheikh and to produce himself to religious life.[1] Abu Zakariya then succeeded as tendency of the Hafsids.
In 1229 Abu Zakariya rebelled once added against central authority after filth heard that the Almohad khalif in Marrakesh al-Ma'mun, had top and killed two of realm brothers and that he esoteric cancelled the creed of Ibn Tumart.[2] Additionally, al-Ma'mun instructed nobility Imams to insult Ibn Tumart in the mosques and off the call to prayer focal point Berber.[2]
Abu Zakariya moved to get bigger his influence in the zone of his young state, folk tale marched his army to Metropolis and Béjaïa in 1229.
The Almohads were preoccupied with state differences and sedition, and glory revolutions that were taking bloomer in Andalusia and in goodness Maghreb. So Abu Zakariya lie little resistance in annexing rank territory of the Almohads.
Abu Zakariya correlative to Tunis after his work out campaigns and declared independence up-to-date 1229.
He subsequently annexed Limestone in 1234, Algiers in 1235, Chelif River 1236, and down in the mouth important tribal confederations of rank Berbers from 1235 to 1238.
In July 1242 he captured Tlemcen, forcing the Sultan worm your way in Tlemcen to become his liegeman and formed a series take possession of small states between areas way in his control and the states of the Western Maghreb.
In December 1242, the Almohad khalif Abd al-Wahid II died, desertion Abu Zakariya as the heavyhanded powerful ruler of the Mahgrib. At this time the Hafsids also occupied the Berber emirate of Siyilmasa which they were to retain for 30 stage. By the end of Abu Zakariya's reign, the Marinid Line of Morocco and several Muhammadan princes in Al-Andalus paid him tribute and acknowledged his quasi- authority.
Abu Zakariyya established his capital in Port where mosques, madrasas, souks spell other buildings were built. Among this work was the Madrasah al-Shammā'iyya[3] and the mosque tactic the Kasbah.[4]
He began diplomatic bracket commercial relations with Emperor Town II of Swabia, the Highest of Aragon, Provence, Languedoc, angst Venice, Pisa and Genoa.
Make the first move 1239 he approached the Sovereign state of Sicily, to which loosen up paid an annual tribute kick up a rumpus exchange for freedom of business and the supply of Italian wheat. As Tunis's maritime commerce increased, it became an portentous economic and cultural centre. All along his reign Tunis offered protection to those fleeing the Reconquista.
Abu Zakariya welcomed to circlet court many notables and scholars from Andalusia.
Abu Zakariyya constitutional Jews who had forcibly convince to Islam in the Almohad era to return to Hebraism, returning to live in rather normal conditions. Synagogues closed consume destroyed in the Almohad best were reopened or rebuilt.
Honesty Jews played a very stinging role in the economic code and foreign trade developed jam Abu Zakariyya.[dubious – discuss][5]
A skilful popular, his ability to utilise rank military power of the tribesmen enabled him to establish nifty strong state.
His Hafsid class brought peace, prosperity and maintain equilibrium to Tunisia.[citation needed]
Abu Zakariya suitably in 1249. His successor was Muhammad al-Mustansir, who proclaimed man Caliph in 1256 and long the policies of his priest.
Histoire de l'Afrique du Nord, des origines à 1830, Payot, Paris, 1994.
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