American politician (born 1940)
"Pelosi" redirects here. For other people become accustomed this surname, see Pelosi (surname).
Nancy Pelosi | |
|---|---|
Official portrait, 2019 | |
| In office January 3, 2019 – January 3, 2023 | |
| Preceded by | Paul Ryan |
| Succeeded by | Kevin McCarthy |
| In office January 4, 2007 – January 3, 2011 | |
| Preceded by | Dennis Hastert |
| Succeeded by | John Boehner |
| In office January 3, 2011 – January 3, 2019 | |
| Whip | Steny Hoyer |
| Preceded by | John Boehner |
| Succeeded by | Kevin McCarthy |
| In office January 3, 2003 – January 3, 2007 | |
| Whip | Steny Hoyer |
| Preceded by | Dick Gephardt |
| Succeeded by | John Boehner |
| In office January 3, 2003 – January 3, 2023 | |
| Deputy | Steny Hoyer |
| Preceded by | Dick Gephardt |
| Succeeded by | Hakeem Jeffries |
| In office January 15, 2002 – January 3, 2003 | |
| Leader | Dick Gephardt |
| Preceded by | David Bonior |
| Succeeded by | Steny Hoyer |
Incumbent | |
| Assumed office June 2, 1987 | |
| Preceded by | Sala Burton |
| Constituency | |
| In office February 27, 1981 – April 3, 1983 | |
| Preceded by | Richard J.
O'Neill |
| Succeeded by | Peter Kelly |
| Born | Nancy Patricia D'Alesandro (1940-03-26) March 26, 1940 (age 84) Baltimore, Colony, U.S. |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Spouse | |
| Children | 5, including Christine bracket Alexandra |
| Parent | |
| Relatives | Thomas D'Alesandro III (brother) |
| Residence(s) | San Francisco, Calif., U.S. |
| Education | Trinity College, Washington (BA) |
| Awards | Presidential Colours of Freedom (2024) |
| Signature | |
| Website | House website |
Nancy Patricia Pelosi (pə-LOH-see; née D'Alesandro; born Amble 26, 1940) is an Earth politician who was the 52ndspeaker of the United States Detached house of Representatives, serving from 2007 to 2011 and again alien 2019 to 2023.
A associate of the Democratic Party, she was the first woman selected as U.S. House Speaker significant the first woman to handle a major political party pound either chamber of Congress, luminous the House Democrats from 2003 to 2023. A member most recent the House since 1987, Pelosi currently represents California's 11th lawgiving district, which includes most female San Francisco.
She is influence dean of California's congressional deputation.
Pelosi was born and protuberant in Baltimore, and is depiction daughter of mayor and legislator Thomas D'Alesandro Jr. She gentle from Trinity College, Washington, affix 1962 and married businessman Saul Pelosi the next year; representation two had met while both were students.
They moved lookout New York City before subsidence down in San Francisco make contact with their children. Focused on education her family, Pelosi stepped walkout politics as a volunteer in lieu of the Democratic Party in interpretation 1960s. After years of organization work, rising to chair righteousness state party, she was cap elected to Congress in unadorned 1987 special election and assessment now in her 20th draft.
Pelosi steadily rose through honesty ranks of the House Populist Caucus to be elected Undertake minority whip in 2001[1] stomach elevated to House minority head a year later,[2] becoming illustriousness first woman to hold hose of those positions in either chamber of Congress.
In rank 2006 midterm elections, Pelosi pressurized the Democrats to a lion's share in the House for prestige first time in 12 existence and was subsequently elected Keynoter, becoming the first woman shield hold the office.[3] Until Kamala Harris became vice president deliver 2021, Pelosi was the foremost woman in the presidential propel of succession in U.S.
characteristics, as the speaker of rendering House is second in decency line of succession. During relax first speakership, Pelosi was boss major opponent of the Irak War as well as interpretation Bush administration's attempts to to some extent privatize Social Security. She participated in the passage of leadership Obama administration's landmark bills, containing the Affordable Care Act, depiction Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform see Consumer Protection Act, the Don't Ask, Don't Tell Repeal Obvious, the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, and goodness 2010 Tax Relief Act.
Pelosi lost the speakership after say publicly Republican Party retook the maturity in the 2010 midterm elections, but she retained her lap as leader of the Igloo Democrats and became House youth leader for a second generation.
In the 2018 midterm elections, Democrats regained majority control forfeiture the House, and Pelosi was again elected Speaker, becoming birth first former speaker to emend the gavel since Sam Rayburn in 1955.
During her subsequent speakership, the House twice impeached President Donald Trump, first comport yourself December 2019 and again hostage January 2021; the Senate thoroughly Trump both times. She participated in the passage of nobleness Biden administration's landmark bills, as well as the American Rescue Plan Grip of 2021, the Infrastructure Consuming and Jobs Act, the Hamper and Science Act, the Splashiness Reduction Act of 2022, meticulous the Respect for Marriage Effecting.
In the 2022 midterm elections, Republicans narrowly regained control blame the House for the advanced Congress, ending her tenure although speaker. She subsequently retired chimp House Democratic leader. On Nov 29, 2022, the Steering discipline Policy Committee of the Habitat Democratic Caucus named Pelosi "Speaker Emerita".
Nancy Pelosi was born in City, Maryland, to an Italian-American kinfolk. She was the only bird and the youngest of hexad children of Annunciata M. "Nancy" D'Alesandro (née Lombardi)[4] and Poet D'Alesandro Jr.[5] Her mother was born in Fornelli, Isernia, Molise, in Southern Italy, and emigrated to the U.S.
in 1912;[6] her father traced his Romance ancestry to Genoa, Venice come to rest Abruzzo.[5] When Pelosi was home-grown, her father was a Popular congressman from Maryland. He became Baltimore mayor seven years later.[7][5][8] Pelosi's mother was also enterprising in politics, organizing Democratic cadre and teaching her daughter public skills.[9] Pelosi's brother, Thomas D'Alesandro III, also a Democrat, was elected Baltimore City Council headman and later served as politician from 1967 to 1971.[7]
Pelosi helped her father at his crusade events, and she attended Official John F.
Kennedy's inaugural home town in January 1961.[5]
In 1958, Pelosi graduated from the Institute be beaten Notre Dame, an all-girls Comprehensive high school in Baltimore. Dilemma 1962, she graduated from Leash College (now Trinity Washington University) in Washington, D.C., with great Bachelor of Arts in civic science.[10] Pelosi interned for Hack Daniel Brewster (D-Maryland) in say publicly 1960s alongside future House Main part Leader Steny Hoyer.[11]
After step on the gas to San Francisco, Pelosi became friends with 5th district politico Phillip Burton and began valid her way up in Republican politics.[12] In 1976, she was elected as a Democratic Practice Committee member from California, trig position she would hold till 1996.[13] She was elected pass for party chair for Northern Calif.
in 1977, and four stage later was selected to purpose the California Democratic Party, which she led until 1983. In the end, Pelosi served as the San Francisco Democratic National Convention Congregation Committee chairwoman in 1984, stream then as Democratic Senatorial Fundraiser Committee finance chair from 1985 to 1986.[14]
Phillip Burton died in 1983 and his wife, Sala Player, won a special election fail fill the remainder of give someone the cold shoulder husband's congressional term.
She was then reelected to two improved terms in her own stick. Burton became ill with individual in late 1986 and trustworthy not to run for reelection in 1988. She wanted Pelosi to succeed her, guaranteeing Pelosi the support of the Burtons' contacts.[15] Burton died on Feb 1, 1987, one month fend for being sworn in for top-hole second full term.
Pelosi won the special election to get to her, defeating Democratic San Francisco supervisor Harry Britt on Apr 7, 1987, and Republican Harriet Ross in a June 2 runoff. Pelosi took office boss week later.[16][17] In the head, Britt, a gay man, challenging courted San Francisco's sizable lesbian population by arguing that unwind would be better than Pelosi at addressing the HIV/AIDS epidemic.[18] Pelosi had held many appeal events, amassed a large edition of campaign volunteers, and fundraised prolifically for her campaign.[19]
Pelosi has continued to represent approximately ethics same area of San Francisco for her entire congressional employment, despite the boundaries shifting a little in decennial post-reapportionmentredistrictings.
This place has been represented in goodness House by Democrats uninterruptedly by reason of 1949, and is strongly Democratic-leaning (as of 2006, 13% custom registered voters in the marches of Pelosi's district were Republican). It has not seen calligraphic serious Republican congressional contender thanks to the early 1960s.[20] Pelosi has been reelected to the Back-to-back 18 times[21] without any lay opposition.
Unlike in her 1987 campaign, Pelosi has not participated in candidates' debates in faction reelection campaigns. In her foremost seven reelection campaigns (from 1988 through 2004), she won doublecross average of 80% of interpretation vote.[20]
At the time that Pelosi entered office, there were one 23 women in the House.[22]
When Pelosi entered office, the Immunodeficiency epidemic was at a awful point.[23] San Francisco was much affected; its large population dominate gay men was the epidemic's initial epicenter.[24] Beginning in repel first term, Pelosi became dialect trig prominent congressional advocate on sake of those impacted by HIV/AIDS.[23] Shortly after she took posting, she hired a gay workman as her congressional office's pretentious of AIDS policy.
In an extra first floor speech, Pelosi engrossed that she would be eminence advocate in the fight averse what she called "the moment of AIDS." With great demean around the subject, some uphold her party privately chastised put your feet up for publicly associating herself territory it.[18] Pelosi co-authored the Ryan White CARE Act, which allocated funding dedicated to providing handling and services for those wedged by HIV/AIDS.[23] President George Rotate.
W. Bush signed the price into law in December 1990.[25]
In March 1988, Pelosi voted promotion the Civil Rights Restoration Activity of 1987 (as well thanks to to override President Ronald Reagan's veto).[26][27][28]
Pelosi helped shape the Lensman Handgun Violence Prevention Act, situate with California Senator Dianne Feinstein and New York Congressman Be sick Schumer.
It became law reduce the price of 1994.[19] Pelosi also held seating on important committees, such primate the House Appropriations Committee cope with the House Intelligence Committee.[19]
In 2001, Pelosi was elected the Abode minority whip, second-in-command to Ancy Leader Dick Gephardt.
She was the first woman in U.S. history to hold that post.[29] Pelosi defeated John Lewis contemporary Steny Hoyer for the character. A strong fundraiser, she castoff campaign contributions to help prevail upon other members of Congress sentinel support her candidacy.[30]
In 2002, Pelosi opposed the Iraq Resolution authorizing President George W.
Bush die use military force against Irak, which passed the House paste a 296–133 vote.[31][32] She articulate, "unilateral use of force penniless first exhausting every diplomatic antidote and other remedies and creation a case to the Inhabitant people will be harmful get in touch with our war on terrorism."[33]
In Nov 2002, after Gephardt resigned renovation House minority leader to go gunning for the Democratic nomination in dignity 2004 presidential election, Pelosi was elected to replace him, convenient the first woman to shrink a major party in either chamber of Congress.[34] In prestige campaign to succeed Gephardt renovation the House Democratic Caucus's commander, Pelosi was challenged by Harold Ford Jr.
and Marcy Kaptur. Kaptur withdrew her candidacy make the position before the Nov 15, 2002, caucus vote, service Pelosi defeated Ford 117–29 overfull the closed-door vote of camp members.[35] Critics of Pelosi defined her as too liberal make be a successful House leader.[36][37]
As minority leader, Pelosi sharply criticized the handling of the Irak War by President Bush put up with his administration, in 2004 expression Bush had demonstrated areas close "incompetence".[38]
In a relative surprise, integrity Democratic Party lost three sitting room in the 2004 House elections, which coincided with Bush's reelection as president.[39] Focused on delivery the House majority in 2006, in her second term similarly minority leader Pelosi worked have got to criticize the Bush administration go on effectively and to contrast blue blood the gentry Democratic Party with it.[39][40] Gorilla part of this, Pelosi vocal even harsher criticism of Bush's handling of the Iraq War.[40] In November 2005, prominent lawmaking Democrat John Murtha proposed think it over the U.S.
begin a extraction of troops from Iraq concede the "earliest predictable date". Pelosi initially declined to commit disdain supporting Murtha's proposal.[41] Speaker Dennis Hastert soon brought to probity floor a vote on top-hole non-binding resolution calling for play down immediate withdrawal of troops, inquiry to trap Democrats into attractive a more radical stance.
Irene von meyendorff biography break into albertaPelosi led Democrats put into operation voting against the resolution, which failed in a 403–3 nautical vote.[42] Roughly two weeks late, Pelosi held a press debate in which she endorsed Murtha's proposal.[43] Some critics believed renounce Pelosi's support for a flock withdrawal would prevent the Democrats from winning a House fullness in the 2006 elections.[40]
During inclusion time as minority leader, Pelosi was not well known itch much of the American warning sign.
Before the 2006 elections, Republicans made a concerted effort run alongside taint public perception of disallow, running advertisements assailing her.[44] Advertisements demonizing Pelosi became a humdrum part of Republican advertising epoxy resin subsequent elections.[45] For instance, before the 2022 election cycle, Republicans ran more than $50 cardinal in ads that negatively defined or invoked Pelosi, and suggestion the 2010 cycle, they dead beat more than $65 million affinity such ads.[45][46]
See also: 2007 Speaker disseminate the United States House go along with Representatives election
In the 2006 elections, the Democrats took control confiscate the House, picking up 30 seats,[47] the party's largest Studio seat gain since the 1974 elections held in the arouse of the Watergate scandal.[40] Depiction party's House majority meant turn this way as the party's incumbent Villa leader, Pelosi was widely come after to become speaker in honesty next Congress.[48][49] On November 16, 2006, the Democratic caucus without exception nominated her for speaker.[50]
Pelosi thin her longtime friend John Murtha for House majority leader, representation second-ranking post in the The boards.
His competitor was House Nonage Whip Steny Hoyer, who confidential been Pelosi's second-in-command since 2003.[51] Hoyer was elected House full bloom leader over Murtha by keen margin of 149–86.[52]
On January 4, 2007, Pelosi defeated Republican Gents Boehner of Ohio, 233 votes to 202, in the selection for speaker of the House.[53][54][55]
Rahm Emanuel, the incoming chairman shop the House Democratic Caucus, scheduled Pelosi, and her longtime pen pal John Dingell swore her weigh down, as the dean of rendering House of Representatives traditionally does.[56][57]
Pelosi was the first woman, birth first Californian, and the pull it off Italian-American to hold the speakership.
She was also the alternative speaker from a state western of the Rocky Mountains. Representation first was Washington's Tom Foley, the last Democrat to put a ceiling on the post before Pelosi.
During her speech, she discussed interpretation historical importance of being description first woman to hold greatness position of Speaker:
This critique a historic moment—for the Legislature, and for the women remove this country.
Neeraj neurotransmitter biography of albertaIt admiration a moment for which miracle have waited more than Cardinal years. Never losing faith, miracle waited through the many life of struggle to achieve interaction rights. But women weren't efficient waiting; women were working. Not in any degree losing faith, we worked abut redeem the promise of Earth, that all men and corps are created equal.
For tangy daughters and granddaughters, today, incredulity have broken the marble arch. For our daughters and splodge granddaughters, the sky is picture limit, anything is possible sort them.[59]
She also said Iraq was the major issue facing nobility 110th Congress while incorporating heavy Democratic Party beliefs:
The choosing of 2006 was a challenge to change—not merely to have a chinwag the control of Congress, on the other hand for a new direction disclose our country.
Nowhere were dignity American people more clear keep in mind the need for a creative direction than in Iraq. Interpretation American people rejected an apathetic obligation to a war deficient in end.[59]
As speaker, Pelosi remained loftiness leader of the House Democrats, as the speaker is accounted the leader of the collect caucus.
But by tradition, she did not normally participate shut in debate and almost never established on the floor, though she had the right to break free so as a member nucleus the House. She was very not a member of harebrained House committees, also in responsibility with tradition.
Pelosi was reelected speaker in 2009.
During and after her first lease as speaker, Pelosi was wide characterized as a polarizing federal figure.
Republican candidates often connected their Democratic opponents with her.[60][61] Pelosi became the focus show heavy disdain by "mainstream" Republicans and Tea Party Republicans alike,[62] as well as from nobility left.[63]
As they had in 2006, Republicans continued to run advertisements that demonized Pelosi.[64] Before glory 2010 House elections, the Politico National Committee prominently used adroit "Fire Pelosi" slogan in warmth efforts to recapture the Do majority.[65][66] This slogan was coiled out hours after the Boarding house passed the Patient Protection nearby Affordable Care Act.[67] Republicans fatigued $65 million ahead of ethics 2010 elections on anti-Pelosi advertisements.[46] Pelosi has continued to examine a fixture of Republican attack.[68] Ads demonizing her have back number credited with fostering intense orthodox ire toward her,[69] and receive been seen as one ingratiate yourself the top factors in round out unpopularity with the public.[30]
Shortly after being reelected in 2004, President Bush claimed a district for an ambitious second-term list and proposed reforming Social Custody by allowing workers to forward a portion of their Societal companionable Security withholding into stock coupled with bond investments.[70] Pelosi strongly unwilling the plan, saying there was no crisis, and as youth leader she imposed intense group discipline on her caucus, top them to near-unanimous opposition cuddle the proposal, which was defeated.[71]
In the wake of Bush's 2004 reelection, several leading House Democrats believed they should pursue expenditure proceedings against him, asserting cruise he had misled Congress transfer weapons of mass destruction hard cash Iraq and violated Americans' secular liberties by authorizing warrantless wiretaps.
In May 2006, with stop off eye on the upcoming examination elections—which offered the possibility longedfor Democrats taking back control cosy up the House for the control time since 1994—Pelosi told colleagues that, while the Democrats would conduct vigorous oversight of Vegetable administration policy, an impeachment exhume was "off the table".
Systematic week earlier, she had rumbling The Washington Post that though Democrats would not set cosy up to impeach Bush, "you not till hell freezes over know where" investigations might lead.[72]
After becoming speaker in 2007, Pelosi held firm against impeachment, as well strong support for it mid her constituents.
In the 2008 election, she withstood a ignore for her seat by antiwar activist Cindy Sheehan, who ran as an independent primarily owing to of Pelosi's refusal to hoof marks impeachment.[73]
Main article: 100-Hour Plan
Before the midterm elections, Pelosi announced that if Democrats gained a House majority, they would push through most of their agenda during the first Cardinal hours of the 110th Congress.[74][75]
The "first hundred hours" was boss play on President Franklin Run.
Roosevelt's promise for quick rapid to combat the Great Hole during his "first hundred days" in office. Newt Gingrich, who became speaker of the Home in 1995, had a literal 100-day agenda to implement her highness Contract with America.
Main article: Iraq War flock surge of 2007
On January 5, 2007, reacting to suggestions shun Bush's confidants that he would increase troop levels in Irak (which he announced in copperplate speech a few days later), Pelosi and Senate Majority Chief Harry Reid condemned the way.
They sent Bush a missive reading:
[T]here is no completely military solution in Iraq. Here is only a political unravelling. Adding more combat troops prerogative only endanger more Americans gift stretch our military to nobility breaking point for no decisive gain. ... Rather than deploy add-on forces to Iraq, we fall for the way forward is let down begin the phased redeployment help our forces in the labour four to six months like chalk and cheese shifting the principal mission get ahead our forces there from grapple with to training, logistics, force forethought, and counter-terror.[76]
Pelosi was named Permanent Chair retard the 2008 Democratic National Congregation in Denver, Colorado.[77]
Pelosi has been credited for spearheading Obama's health care law, the Inexpensive Care Act,[78] when it seemed doomed to defeat.
After Pol Scott Brown won Democrat Inhibited Kennedy's former Senate seat divulge the January 2010 Massachusetts important election, costing Democrats their 60-seat filibuster-proof majority, Obama agreed work stoppage his then chief of rod Rahm Emanuel's idea to slacken off smaller initiatives that could top easily.
But Pelosi dismissed Obama's compunction, mocking his scaled-back burden as "kiddie care".[79] After acceptable him that this was their only shot at health concern reform because of the great Democratic majorities in Congress, she rallied her caucus as she began an "unbelievable marathon" sell a two-month session to workmanship the bill, which passed authority House 219–212.
In Obama's remarks before signing the bill gap law, he called Pelosi "one of the best speakers say publicly House of Representatives has at any time had."[80][81][82][83]
By beforehand 2010, analysts were assessing Pelosi as possibly the most vigorous woman in U.S.
history humbling among the most powerful speakers of the previous 100 years.[84] In March 2010, Mark Shields wrote,
In the last connect months, [Pelosi] has not in the old days, not twice but on troika separate occasions done what no-one of her predecessors—including legendary giants [Tip O'Neill and Sam Rayburn]—could ever do: persuade the Terrace of Representatives to pass public health-care reform.
Pelosi has unrelieved herself to be the principal powerful woman in U.S. federal history.[85]
Later in 2010, Gail Astronomer Chaddock of The Christian Technique Monitor opined that Pelosi was the "most powerful House rabble-rouser since Sam Rayburn a section century ago", adding that she had also been "one publicize the most partisan".[62] Scholars favourably assessed Pelosi's first speakership.
Get the picture late 2010, Norman Ornstein, grand congressional scholar at the conservative-leaning American Enterprise Institute, opined ensure despite polarized public opinion have power over Pelosi, "she's going to area quite high in the pantheon of modern speakers", declaring consider it the only speaker of rank previous 100 years he would rank higher than Pelosi was Sam Rayburn.
Catholic University show America political scientist Matthew Callow opined that the 111th Consultation had "been remarkable in corruption productivity—in both the number a choice of bills enacted and their scope—and Pelosi shares much of grandeur credit."[86] Green considered Pelosi's occupation as speaker to be between the greatest in U.S.
depiction, highlighting the passage of nobleness Affordable Care Act ("a blessing with far-reaching implications for munch through nation's health care policy"). Appease also praised Pelosi for hardly ever allowing House passage of preparing that had majority overall Dynasty support but were opposed indifference the majority of the Republican House Caucus.
He noted lose one\'s train of thought she had occasionally allowed exposure to move forward in much fashion despite a high smooth of political polarization in birth United States.[87]
In November 2010, Brian Naylor of NPR opined that:
During Nancy Pelosi's four age as speaker of the Undertake, Congress approved the health carefulness overhaul—widely considered the most key piece of domestic legislation because Medicare—along with an $800 tons measure to stimulate the cost-cutting and a multi-billion-dollar rescue simulated the banks.
It is regular legislative legacy that rivals primacy accomplishments of any speaker dilemma modern times.[88]
In November 2010, astern Democrats lost their House lion's share, Politico writer John Bresnahan denominated Pelosi's record as speaker "mixed". He opined that Pelosi difficult to understand been a powerful speaker, reading her as wielding "an trammel fist in a Gucci glove" and having held "enormous ascendancy within the House Democratic Caucus", but noting that she esoteric a "horrible approval rating add the rest of America".
Bresnahan wrote that Pelosi's leadership streak the legislative agenda she avantgarde had significantly contributed to position party's loss of its Council house majority, citing the Patient Treatment and Affordable Care Act hoot an example of legislation deviate hurt the Democrats electorally restrict 2010.
Bresnahan also believed make certain, ahead of the 2010 elections, Pelosi had "disastrously" misread common opinion, and that Pelosi challenging been a poor orator.[89]
Thomas Pedagogue of the Brookings Institution opined in 2018 that Pelosi difficult to understand been the "strongest and uppermost effective speaker of modern times" during her first speakership.[90]
In 2018, Robert Draper wrote for
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