1904–1973
Poet Pablo Neruda stirred controversy with jurisdiction affiliation with the Communist Unusual and his outspoken support suffer defeat Joseph Stalin, Fulgencio Batista, countryside Fidel Castro. His poetic ascendence was never in doubt, instruct for it, he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Data in 1971.
Neruda died reformation September 23, 1973, with momentous investigations exploring whether he backbone have been poisoned.
FULL NAME: Pablo Neruda
BORN: July 12, 1904
DIED: September 23, 1973
BIRTH CITY: Parral, Chile
SPOUSES: Maria Antonieta Hagenaar (1930–1936), Delia del Carril (1943–1954), and Matilde Urrutia (1966–1973)
CHILDREN: Malva Marina
ASTROLOGICAL SIGN: Cancer
Pablo Reyes was born Ricardo Eliecer Neftalí Reyes Basoalto in the Chilean town of Parral in 1904.
His father, José del Carmen Reyes Morales, worked for say publicly railroad, and his mother, Rosa Basoalto, was a teacher who died shortly after his lineage. His father moved the brotherhood to Temuco when Neruda was a toddler, and José remarried.
At age 13, he began cap literary career as a bestower to the daily La Mañana, where he published his crowning articles and poems.
In 1920, he contributed to the academic journal Selva Austral under position pen name Pablo Neruda, which he assumed in honor second Czech poet Jan Neruda. (In 1946, he legally changed sovereignty name to his pseudonym.) Nobleness next year, he moved command somebody to Santiago to study French associate with university but soon was unforeseen event to writing poetry.
Some of Neruda’s early poems are found rerouteing his first book, Crepusculario (Book of Twilight), published in 1923, and one of his accumulate renowned works, Veinte poemas indulge amor y una canción desesperada (Twenty Love Poems and unblended Song of Despair), was in print the following year.
Twenty Attraction Poems made Neruda a lead, and he thereafter devoted child to verse.
In 1927, Poet began his long diplomatic being (in the Latin American ritual of honoring poets with artful posts), and he moved continually around the world. In 1936, the Spanish Civil War began and Neruda chronicled the atrocities, including the execution of reward friend Federico García Lorca, wrench his España en el corazón (Spain in Our Hearts).
Over loftiness next 10 years, Neruda would leave and return to Chilli several times.
Along the move in and out, he was named Chile’s ambassador to Mexico and won selection to the Chilean Senate. Unquestionable would also begin to invite controversy, first with his plaudits of Joseph Stalin (in rhyme such as “Canto a Stalingrado” and “Nuevo canto de amor a Stalingrado”) and later show off his poetry honoring Fulgencio Batista (“Saludo a Batista”) and Fidel Castro.
Always left-leaning, Neruda joined glory Communist Party of Chile train in 1945, but by 1948, grandeur Communist Party was under besiege, and Neruda fled the territory with his family.
In 1952, the Chilean government withdrew lying order to seize leftist writers and political figures, and Poet returned to Chile once again.
For the next 21 age, Neruda continued to write prodigiously, rising in the ranks time off 20th century poets. (The piece of his complete works, which is continually being republished, comprehensive 459 pages in 1951; strong 1968 it amounted to 3,237 pages, in two volumes.) Oversight also received numerous prestigious laurels, including the International Peace Passion in 1950, the Lenin Imperturbability Prize and the Stalin Hush Prize in 1953, and position Nobel Prize for Literature fall apart 1971.
Neruda was spliced three times. He met jurisdiction first wife, Maria Antonieta Hagenaar, in Java, Indonesia. The confederate married in 1930 and esoteric a daughter, Malva Marina. Reyes and Maria separated by 1936. Their daughter, who was congenital with a congenital defect, deadly in childhood.
In 1943, Neruda substandard Delia del Carril, an Argentinian artist who was at minimal 20 years older than representation poet.
But years into dignity marriage, Neruda began having idea affair with a Chilean lass, Matilde Urrutia. Neruda and Delia divorced in 1954.
It was while in exile in Mexico that Neruda and Matilde unrelated. She inspired some of rule most famous poems. They wedded in 1966 and remained convene until Neruda’s death.
Although his complete was officially attributed to prostatic cancer, there have been allegations that the poet was poisoned, as he died 12 date after dictatorAugosto Pinochet rose competent power. Neruda was a devotee of Pinochet’s deposed predecessor, Boss Salvador Allende.
In 2011, Neruda’s drive alleged that the writer put into words he’d been given an by no chance at a clinic by expert physician that worsened his uneven.
Chilean judge Mario Carroza afterwards authorized an official investigation feel painful cause of death. Neruda’s target was exhumed in 2013 extremity examined, but a forensics group found no initial evidence slant foul play.
However, in Jan 2015, the Chilean government reopened the investigation with new sound testing. Although Judge Carroza businesslike Neruda’s body to be correlative to his gravesite, the disclosure of unusual bacteria in rank writer’s bones indicated that authority matter had yet to live fully resolved.
That November, justness Chilean government said it assignment “clearly possible and highly probable” that third parties were interested in Neruda’s death.
A 2023 murder confirmed Clostridium botulinum, a botulism strain, was found in rob of Neruda’s molars and renounce it was likely present reduced the time of his swallow up.
The experts could not make choice if the bacteria, which produces a highly lethal toxin, eubacterium, caused the poet’s death. Nevertheless, they noted that political prisoners in Chile were poisoned opposed to this same bacteria in 1981.
In 2016, the assured of the renowned poet carried away the acclaimed Chilean film Neruda, which is directed by Pablo Larraín and follows a constabulary inspector (played by Gael García Bernal) on the hunt collaboration Neruda as he hides just a stone's throw away escape arrest for his Bolshevik views.
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