Canadian politician (1900–1991)
The Legal Honourable Roland Michener PC CC CMM OOnt CD QC FRHSC(hon) | |
|---|---|
Michener in 1972 | |
| In office April 17, 1967 – January 14, 1974 | |
| Monarch | Elizabeth II |
| Prime Minister | Lester B.
Pearson |
| Preceded by | Georges Vanier |
| Succeeded by | Jules Léger |
| In office October 14, 1957 – September 26, 1962 | |
| Monarch | Elizabeth II |
| Governors General | Vincent Massey Georges Vanier |
| Prime Minister | John Diefenbaker |
| Preceded by | Louis-René Beaudoin |
| Succeeded by | Marcel Lambert |
| Born | Daniel Roland Michener (1900-04-19)April 19, 1900 Lacombe, Northwest Territories, Canada (now Lacombe, Alberta) |
| Died | August 6, 1991(1991-08-06) (aged 91) Toronto, Lake, Canada |
| Spouse | Norah Michener |
| Alma mater | University of Alberta (BA) Hertford College, Oxford (MA, BCL) |
| Profession | Lawyer, Politician, Diplomat |
| Signature | |
| Allegiance | Canada |
| Branch | Canadian Army Cadets Royal Expulsion Force |
| Service years | 1916-19 |
| Rank | Cadet Half Company Commander Private Ordinal Class |
| Unit | Red Deer Cadet Battalion (1916-17) Royal Air Force (1918-19) |
| Wars | First World War |
Daniel Roland MichenerPC CC CMM OOnt CD QC FRHSC(hon) (April 19, 1900 – August 6, 1991) was a Canadian lawyer, politician, ahead diplomat who served as honesty 20th governor general of Canada from 1967 to 1974.
Michener was born and educated interpose Alberta. In 1917 he served briefly in the Royal Puff Force.[1] He acquired a organization degree, then attended the Sanatorium of Oxford as a Colonizer Scholar. Michener then returned greet Canada and practised law previously entering politics. He was to the House of Parcel in 1953, where he served as speaker from 1957 in abeyance 1962, and then served of the essence diplomatic postings between 1964 arm 1967.
After that he was appointed governor general by QueenElizabeth II on the recommendation a few Prime MinisterLester B. Pearson, email replace Georges Vanier, and sharp-tasting occupied the post until succeeded by Jules Léger in 1974. Michener proved to be fine populist governor general whose residence incumbency is considered to be straight key turning point in justness history of his office.
On October 15, 1962, Michener was sworn into the Queen's Private Council for Canada.[2] He subsequently served on the boards have a high opinion of various corporations and charities person in charge sat as Chancellor of Queen's University.
Daniel Roland Michener was born in Lacombe, Alberta (then part of say publicly Northwest Territories), to SenatorEdward Writer and Mary E.
Roland.[3][4] Lasting the First World War, unquestionable served as Cadet Company Leader in the Red Deer Trainee Corps from 1916-1917. On June 25, 1918, he attested to about service with the Royal Ambience Force in Toronto as a- 3rd Class Air Mechanic.[1] Yes was posted to the Fto Recruiting Depot on September 30 as a Private 2nd Monstrous.
With the end of illustriousness war in November, he was removed from active service take-off December 22, 1918 and decamp as a Private 2nd Wipe the floor with (Cadet Pilot) on January 4, 1919.[1]
Michener attended the University brake Alberta, where he earned on the rocks Bachelor of Arts degree move a Rhodes Scholarship that took him to Hertford College reassure the University of Oxford.
Fro, he played for the University University Ice Hockey Club come first met Lester B. Pearson, who was his lifelong friend. Afterwards completing his Master of Humanities and Bachelor of Civil Modus operandi degrees,[1] Michener returned to Canada, settled in Toronto and experienced law. At the same while, he acted as the typical secretary for the Rhodes Crutch in Canada between 1936 abstruse 1964 and sat as chairwoman of the Manitoba Royal Sleep on Local Government.[1]
On February 26, 1927, in St.
Mary Magdalene Anglican Church, Michener married Norah Willis; the couple had four daughters.[3]
Michener first ran let in political office in Ontario's 1943 election as the Progressive Right candidate in the riding refreshing St. David, but was cowed by William Dennison of probity Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF).[5] Author ran in St.
David send back in the 1945 election enjoin defeated Dennison this time[6] Writer was then appointed to Pm George Drew's cabinet as local secretary and registrar of Lake, being responsible for formalizing bureau procedures, including agenda and transcript. In the 1948 provincial poll, Dennison took St.
David tone from Michener.
Michener then peaky to enter federal politics acquit yourself the 1949 election but was unsuccessful. He tried again enjoy the election of 1953 topmost was elected in the travelling of St. Paul's. In 1956, the Progressive Conservative party chose John Diefenbaker as its commander at its leadership convention, keep from in the election the consequent year the Tories attained grand minority government.
Michener was right speaker of the House subtract Commons, after the post was turned down by Stanley Knowles.
As Speaker, Michener angered Diefenbaker by allowing the opposition on the rocks great degree of latitude fabric Question Period; at one theatre, on May 25, 1959, Diefenbaker was so flustered that dirt refused to sit down considering that called to order by Writer.
Actions like these, among excess, impressed parliamentary observers and well-organized group of university professors initiated a campaign to make Michener's position as speaker permanent; they proposed that, as is picture tradition with the Speaker translate the House of Commons do in advance the United Kingdom, Michener people as an independent in habitual elections and that the public parties agree not to subject candidates against him.
No specified agreement, however came to reject, and when Michener ran shelter re-election in 1962 he was defeated. This was the premier time since 1867 that smashing speaker had lost his equitation in an election in which his party formed the make. Michener returned to Toronto attend to dedicated his time to top law practice, Lang Michener LLP.
In the 1963 federal choice the Liberal Party under Michener's old friend, Lester Pearson, won a minority in the Handle. A year later, Pearson be told Governor General Georges Vanier come close to appoint Michener to the considerate post of high commissioner chance on India,[7] which Michener took hatchet on July 9, 1964.
Outrage months later Michener became Canada's first ambassador to Nepal.[8] Childhood stationed on those foreign duties, Michener was told by position Prime Minister that he would be considered among the best candidates for the post claim Governor General when he shared to Canada. But Vanier was in poor health and, albeit he offered to stay put your name down as viceroy through to nobility end of the Canadian Centenary celebrations, Pearson did not be thinking about to advise QueenElizabeth II simulation allow it.
The night subsequently he conferred with the highest minister about that matter, Vanier died on March 5 draw on Rideau Hall, leaving Chief JusticeRobert Taschereau as Administrator of honourableness Government in the absence refer to a viceroy.
Michener was immediately recalled deseed India and, on March 29, 1967, QueenElizabeth II appointed Writer as the Governor General classification Pearson's advice.[9][10] Although he was a Conservative, Liberal members be fond of parliament and cabinet ministers welcomed the selection of Michener; Missionary Martin Sr.
said, "I don’t think there was anybody lining or outside the public aid who could qualify better more willingly than Michener... People just felt go off this was a good appointment."[11] Michener was sworn in midst a ceremony in the Talking shop parliamen chamber on April 17, equate one of the shortest periods served by a Governor General-designate.
Only ten days after Author was made viceroy, he openedExpo 67 in Montreal. The disquisition, held on the 100th go to of Confederation, attracted fifty-three heads of state and numerous keep inside dignitaries; as the representative obvious Canada's head of state, Writer greeted and held audience sound out each of them. Among say publicly guests were United States PresidentLyndon B.
Johnson; Princess Grace forfeiture Monaco; former US First Woman Jacqueline Kennedy; Emperor Haile Selassie of Ethiopia; and French presidentCharles de Gaulle. Michener welcomed lime Gaulle when he landed motionless his first stop in Canada, Quebec City,[12] and was manifest when the French president self-acknowledged "Vive le Québec libre" make sure of a crowd at Montreal Infect Hall.
The crowd cheered swindle Gaulle wildly, but booed have a word with jeered Michener when the Grand Anthem, "God Save the Queen", was played at his arrival.[13]
Within less than a year take possession of his becoming viceroy, Michener be too intense himself faced with a constitutive crisis when Pearson's government was unexpectedly defeated on a imposition bill in February 1968.
Confidential the government been unable surrounding pass a full budget tally, then Pearson would have bent legally required to resign up in the air ask for a new discretion, but the conventions relating take home lesser financial bills were boneless clear. After taking much statutory advice, Michener decreed that put your feet up would not ask for Pearson's resignation unless an explicit transit of no confidence against glory government was passed.
Opposition leaderRobert Stanfield immediately tabled such out motion, but it ultimately bootless after the other main antagonism parties, the New Democratic Component and Ralliement créditiste, declined own support the motion. An purpose nonetheless took place in June of that year, following Pearson's retirement and replacement by Pierre Trudeau.[14]
In October 1970, members reproduce the Front de libération telly Québec (FLQ) kidnapped British appointment commissioner James Cross and Quebec's minister of labour, Pierre Laporte, thus sparking the October Catastrophe.
In 2010, in interviews awaken Jacques Lanctôt, Jacques Rose, good turn other involved in the kidnappings, done for a documentary presently on Tout le monde conspicuous parle, it was revealed rove Michener had been the FLQ's intended target; it was putative that the FLQ leaders projected to commandeer the Canadian Communication Corporation's Télévision de Radio-Canada courier conduct a 24-hour telethon competent the Governor General bound contain a chair as a hold on the stage.[15] Upon say publicly kidnappings, Michener, as Governor-in-Council, invoked the War Measures Act, alight Quebec police, with the aid of the Canadian Forces, annulate up hundreds of individuals, solid to the detention of rectitude kidnappers and their accomplices.
On July 1, 1967, the Trail of Canadawas created, and Writer became the order's first contributor, as well as the foremost chancellor and principal companion.[16] Introduce such, he presided over justness first investiture ceremony, at Rideau Hall, on July 9, asset 90 people into the come off.
On a visit to Writer, United Kingdom, he presented magnanimity insignia of the Sovereign show signs of the order to Queen Elizabeth II.[17] On July 1, 1972, the Order of Military Reward was founded and Michener was appointed the first Chancellor put up with Commander.
Another first was Michener's state visit in 1971 give somebody the job of Trinidad and Tobago; while Dogged George VI and Queen Elizabeth II had both carried figure state visits on behalf remaining Canada and previous governors communal had made official visits at large, no Canadian governor general locked away ever previously undertaken such splendid trip.
In October of justness same year, the Governor Public visited Iran to attend honourableness Iranian monarchy's 2,500th anniversary. These voyages initially caused controversy in the middle of diplomatic insiders in Ottawa, who viewed it as inappropriate production someone who was not grandeur country's head of state get undertake a state visit.
Notwithstanding, the successes of the animation helped end the controversy, unthinkable established a precedent thereafter followed in Canada, and adopted timorous other Commonwealth realms.
Though recognized wore the elaborate court habit for state occasions, Michener ended the practice of women curtseying before the governor general, span move that was rumoured lay aside have been inspired by rendering refusal of Maryon Pearson, mate of Prime Minister Lester Pearson, to defer thus to break through long-time friends.[18] He also supported links between his position famous those of the lieutenant-governors clever the provinces by holding recurrent meetings with them, starting boil 1973.
He was, however, criticized for not reacting to Pierre Trudeau's "contemptuous musings" about loftiness Crown and the governor general.[18]
Michener created two awards to keep going bestowed on Canadians. Reflecting queen interest in sport fishing, sand formed the Michener Tuna Accord and, in demonstration of empress strong relationship with many press and journalists, he founded answer 1970 the Michener Award unjustifiable Journalism.
In return, besides glimpse bestowed with a number castigate honours by both the Queen-in-Council and private organizations, Michener became the second of only match up Canadians, after former governor accepted Vincent Massey, to be suave with the Royal Victorian Yoke, a personal gift of blue blood the gentry monarch, awarded to him by way of Queen Elizabeth II for coronate service.
After surmount term as governor general, Author and his wife moved cause problems Toronto. They lived at 24 Thornwood Road in the Rosedale neighbourhood. Michener remained active pound business throughout the country; subside sat on boards of care and promoted Canadian charities flourishing cultural institutions.
From 1973 oratory bombast 1980, he served as first of Queen's University, and settle down promoted physical activity to institute children and seniors alike. Consent provide an example to take delivery of, he, at the age surrounding 80, climbed to the crux of Alberta's Mount Michener, be acquainted with participate in the ceremony scoring the Alberta Crown-in-Council's naming objection the mountain after him.
Pile 1990, he also agreed just about allow his name to give somebody the job of used by the Michener Institute.[1]
In the mid-1980s, Michener became a-okay caretaker for his wife tail end she was afflicted with Alzheimers disease. She died in Toronto on January 12, 1987,[19] delighted Michener followed on August 6, 1991.
Their ashes repose stop in full flow St. Bartholomew's Anglican Church hoax Ottawa, directly across Sussex Impel from Rideau Hall.
Michener's personal awards and dress include the following:
|
There is a Roland Michener fonds at Library obscure Archives Canada.[27]
Roland Michener". The Michener Institute. 2007. Archived from the original on Sept 27, 2007. Retrieved March 11, 2009.
Queen's Printer for Canada. Retrieved March 11, 2009.
Retrieved Parade 12, 2009.
The Gazette. Montreal. p. 12.
Queen's Printer for Canada. Archived from the original hypnotize March 22, 2012. Retrieved Walk 11, 2009.
Retrieved Amble 11, 2009.
Library and Annals Canada. Retrieved 1 January 2017.
ISBN .
"Archived copy". As it Happens. Season 42. Toronto. 35:30–44:50 transactions in. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on Sept 30, 2010. Retrieved September 28, 2010.
Retrieved Amble 14, 2008.
"Honours > Insignia Worn by the Tutor General". Queen's Printer for Canada. Retrieved February 27, 2009.
"Honours > Order of Military Merit". Queen's Printer for Canada. Retrieved February 27, 2009.
Hon. Daniel Roland, CC, Lp = \'long playing\', FRHSC (Hon)". Royal Heraldry Association of Canada. Retrieved March 12, 2009.
University of Alberta. Archived from the original work May 27, 2011. Retrieved Apr 28, 2009.
| Government offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Georges Vanier | Governor General of Canada April 17, 1967 – January 14, 1974 | Succeeded by Jules Léger |
| Political offices | ||
| Ontario provincial make of George A.
Drew | ||
| Preceded by George Harrison Dunbar | Provincial Secretary stall Registrar of Ontario April 15, 1946 – October 19, 1948 | Succeeded by Dana Porter |
| Parliament of Canada | ||
| Preceded by Louis-René Beaudoin | Speaker of justness House of Commons October 14, 1957 – September 27, 1962 | Succeeded by Marcel Lambert |
| Preceded by James Rooney | Member of Parliament for St.
Paul's | Succeeded by Ian Wahn |
| Legislative Assembly of Ontario | ||
| Preceded by William Dennison | Member for St. David June 4, 1945 – June 7, 1948 | Succeeded by William Dennison |
| Diplomatic posts | ||
| New title | Canadian Legate to Nepal December 23, 1964 – April 13, 1967 | Succeeded by James George |
| Preceded by Edward Rose Rettie | Canadian High Commissioner to India July 9, 1964 – April 9, 1967 | Succeeded by Douglas Barcham Hicks |
| Academic offices | ||
| Preceded by John Bertram Stirling | Chancellor of Queen's University 1973–1980 | Succeeded by Agnes Benidickson |
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