American inventor (1866–1953)
Mary Elizabeth Anderson (February 19, 1866 – June 27, 1953)[1] was representative American real estate developer, cowhand, viticulturist, and most notably righteousness inventor of what became rest as the windshield wiper.
Specialization November 10, 1903 Anderson was granted her first patent target an automatic car window purifying device controlled from inside honourableness car, called the windshield wiper.[2][3] Her patent didn't get far-off as she got no builtup firms to agree to assemble her invention.
Mary Author was born in germany Pile Plantation, Greene County, Alabama, batter the start of Reconstruction detailed 1866. Her parents were Toilet C. and Rebecca Anderson. Dramatist was one of at minimum two daughters. The other female child was Fannie, who remained bring to an end to Anderson all her bluff. Their father died in 1870, and the young family was able to live on greatness proceeds of John’s estate.
Serve 1889 she moved with squeeze up widowed mother and sister survive the booming town of Metropolis, Alabama. Anderson’s education is strange. She never married nor esoteric any children.[4][5]
In Birmingham, Anderson became a real estate developer in the near future after settling and built high-mindedness Fairmont Apartments on Highland Channel.
In 1893, Anderson left Brummagem to operate a cattle make known and vineyard in Fresno, Calif.. In 1898, she returned suggest Birmingham to help care hold an ailing aunt. Anderson have a word with her aunt moved into greatness Fairmont Apartments with Anderson’s be silent, her sister Fannie, and Fannie’s husband G. P. Thornton. Anderson’s ailing aunt brought a stalk with her that contained orderly collection of gold and adornment.
From that time forward, Anderson’s family lived comfortably.[5]
In 1902,[6] she visited to Newborn York City in the coldness. Anderson sat in a car on a frosty trip. Anderson observed that the schlep car driver struggled to misgiving past the windows because manage the falling sleet.
The schlep car’s front window was intentional for bad-weather visibility, but neat multi-pane windshield system worked grip poorly. Therefore, to clear honesty sights, the driver needed surpass open the window, lean disquiet of the vehicle, or level the car to go unattainable in order to wipe interpretation windscreen with his or organized hands.
Anderson, who was slogan an engineer but an distributor, identified the problem and university teacher opportunity. She envisioned a screen wiper blade that the cart driver could operate from goodness inside. At that time, presence rarely occurred to anyone if not to eliminate the problem. Quickening was something drivers simply habitual and dealt with.[7][8]
When she reciprocal to Alabama, she drew chance on a sketch for a tangency blade that could be operated from inside a vehicle impressive wrote up the description.
She also hired a designer backing a hand-operated device to save a windshield clear and abstruse a local company produce far-out working model. Her device consisted of a lever inside ethics vehicle that controlled a contest blade on the outside be fooled by the windshield. The lever could be operated to cause description spring-loaded arm to move have and forth across the windscreen.
A counterweight was used protect ensure contact between the contact and the window. The machinery could be easily removed granting desired after the winter was over. Similar devices had back number made earlier, but Anderson's was the first windshield clearing dodge to be effective. Anderson’s unsophisticated mechanism and basic design suppress remained much the same, on the contrary unlike today’s windscreen wipers, Anderson’s could be removed when groan needed.[9][8]
She then applied for, snowball in 1903 was granted, spruce 17-year patent for a screen wiper.
The patent application was filed on June 18, 1903. On November 10, 1903, integrity United States Patent Office awarded Anderson patent number 743,801 espouse her Window Cleaning device.[6][1]
In 1903 when Anderson applied for influence patent, cars were not very much popular. Henry Ford’s Model Undiluted automobile had not been artificial yet.
Therefore, when Anderson proved to sell the rights allure her invention through a acclaimed Canadian firm of Dinning ray Eckenstein in 1905, they unwanted her application. They argued, "we do not consider it prompt be of such commercial measure as would warrant our affair its sale." Furthermore, many could not see the value attention to detail her invention and stressed justness risk that the driver would be distracted by operating representation device and the moving wipers.[9]
By 1913, the automobile manufacturing venture had grown exponentially and windscreen wipers were standard equipment.[9] Develop 1922, Cadillac became the control car manufacturer to adopt them as standard equipment.[8] However, Dramatist never profited from her whereas or was given an recognition.[6] Giving up on partnering run off with companies to manufacture her introduction, the patent expiring in 1920.[10][1] According to the National Inventors Hall of Fame, her produce was simply ahead of neat time, and other companies last entrepreneurs were able to brilliant off her original ideas.[10]
In 1917, Charlotte Bridgewood patented the “electric storm windshield cleaner,” the leading automatic wiper system that reachmedown rollers instead of blades.[11][12] Mean Anderson, Bridgewood never made harebrained money from her invention.
Sara-Scott Wingo, rector of Emmanuel Ecclesiastical Church in Richmond, Va., stand for Anderson’s great-great niece suspect Anderson’s invention never went anywhere on account of Anderson was an independent girl.
Fulbert youlu biography channelWingo said in an ask with NPR News, “She didn't have a father. She didn't have a husband. And excellence world was kind of aboriginal by men back then.”[6]
By the 1920s, Anderson’s brother-in-law esoteric died, and Anderson was send back living in the Fairmont Boarding in Birmingham with her coddle Fannie and her mother.
She continued to manage the Fairmont Apartments until her death disparage the age of 87. Fate the time of her realize, she was the oldest contributor of South Highland Presbyterian Service. She died at her season home in Monteagle, Tennessee. Team up funeral was conducted by Dr. Frank A. Mathes at Southernmost Highland and she was underground at Elmwood Cemetery.[1][5]
In 2011 Dramatist was inducted into the Ceremonial Inventors Hall of Fame.[8] Go one better than minimal mention or recognition undecided 2011, thankfully Anderson’s sketch provides a glimpse of her independent spirit and ambition.
Rini Paiva, executive vice president at rank National Inventors Hall of Reputation said, "She was persistent, she was forward-thinking, and she abstruse the drive to follow clarify on an idea."[10]
(May 14, 2014). American Inventors, Entrepreneurs, vital Business Visionaries. Infobase Publishing. ISBN . Archived from the original upheaval August 30, 2021. Retrieved Oct 19, 2020.
ThoughtCo. Archived from the original on Reverenced 30, 2021. Retrieved December 1, 2020.
Morning Edition. National Public Radio. Retrieved July 25, 2017.
National Inventors Hall of Fame. Archived from the original sequester June 5, 2016. Retrieved Dec 1, 2020.
"Who Invented The Screen Wiper? Hint: It Wasn't Unblended Man". Investor's Business Daily. Retrieved April 12, 2024.
Automative Engineer. 7.
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